大型项目中,数据和操作都比较复杂,所以会对 reducer 进行细分管理。
combineReducers 的作用:结合多个 reducer。
举例:
// reducer.js import { combineReducers } from "redux"; import loginReducer from "./login"; import userReducer from "./user"; export default combineReducers({ a: loginReducer, b: userReducer, }); // 使用 import { createStore } from "redux"; import reducer from "./reducer"; const store = createStore(reducer); // reducer.js import loginReducer from "./login"; import userReducer from "./user"; export default (state = {}, action) => { const newState = { a: loginReducer(state.a, action), b: userReducer(state.b, action), }; return newState; }; 解释:createStore(reducer) 初始化时,会调用一次 reducer,此时 state.a = undefined,所以会使用 loginReducer(state = {}) 的默认值进行初始化,并将返回值作为 newState.a 的初始值保存。
之后分发指定 action 时,state.a 就是旧值{},作为 loginReducer 的 state 传入。
在使用官方的 combineReducers 时,发现了2个特点:
reducer 的 state 参数必须指定初始值,如果不想指定,需要默认为 null,而不是 undefined(相当于没有指定初始值)。reducer 中,不能使用特殊的 type 来判断做一些事情。举例1:没有初始值,得指定为 null。
// reducer/xxx.js export default (state = null, { type, payload }) => { switch (type) { case LOGIN: return payload; default: return state; } }; 举例2:特殊的 type,比如 createStore() 初始化时的 type=@@redux/INITw.2.n.b.2.o;还有 combineReducers() 初始化时的 type=@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTIONe.a.v.4.3.3。
不能在某个 reducer 中使用这2个特殊 type,会报错。
// reducer/xxx.js export default (state = null, { type, payload }) => { switch (type) { case type.startsWith("@@redux/INIT"): console.log("craeteStore 初始化"); case type.startsWith("@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION"): console.log("combineReducers 初始化"); default: return state; } }; export const combineReducers = (reducers) => { validate(reducers); return (state = {}, action) => { let newState = {}; for (const key in reducers) { if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(reducers, key)) { const reducer = reducers[key]; // 参考上面的简单实现。 newState[key] = reducer(state[key], action); } } return newState; }; }; function validate(reducers) { if (typeof reducers !== "object" || Object.getPrototypeOf(reducers) !== Object.prototype) { throw new Error("reducers 必须是一个 plain Object"); } for (const key in reducers) { if (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(reducers, key)) { const reducer = reducers[key]; // 判断是否进行了初始化,和是否使用了特殊 type let state = reducer(undefined, { type: `@@redux/INIT${getRandomString()}` }); if (state === undefined) { throw new TypeError("reducers must not return undefined"); } state = reducer(undefined, { type: `@@redux/PROBE_UNKNOWN_ACTION${getRandomString()}` }); if (state === undefined) { throw new TypeError("reducers must not return undefined"); } } } } function getRandomString() { return Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 8).split("").join("."); } 以上。