0. 变量和赋值:
x = 5
name = “John”
1. 数据类型:
整数(int)
浮点数(float)
字符串(str)
布尔值(bool)
2. 注释:
# 这是单行注释 """ 这是 多行注释 """
3. 算术运算:
a + b # 加法 a - b # 减法 a * b # 乘法 a / b # 除法 a % b # 取余 a ** b # 幂运算
4. 比较运算:
a == b # 等于 a != b # 不等于 a > b # 大于 a < b # 小于 a >= b # 大于等于 a <= b # 小于等于
5. 逻辑运算:
a and b a or b not a
6. 条件语句:
if condition: # do something elif another_condition: # do something else else: # do something different
7. 循环:
for i in range(5): print(i) while condition: # do something
8. 列表:
my_list = [1, 2, 3] my_list.append(4) my_list[0] # 访问元素
9. 元组:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
10. 字典:
my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30} my_dict["name"] # 访问键值
11. 集合:
my_set = {1, 2, 3} my_set.add(4)
12. 字符串操作:
s = "hello" s.upper() s.lower() s.split(" ") s.replace("h", "j")
13. 字符串格式化:
name = "John" age = 30 f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}."
14. 列表解析:
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
15. 函数定义:
def my_function(param1, param2): return param1 + param2
16. 默认参数:
def my_function(param1, param2=5): return param1 + param2
17. 关键字参数:
def my_function(param1, param2): return param1 + param2 my_function(param2=10, param1=5)
18. 可变参数:
def my_function(*args): for arg in args: print(arg) my_function(1, 2, 3)
19. 关键字可变参数:
def my_function(**kwargs): for key, value in kwargs.items(): print(f"{key}: {value}") my_function(name="John", age=30)
20. lambda表达式:
f = lambda x: x**2 f(5)
21. map函数:
list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))
22. filter函数:
list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10)))
23. reduce函数:
from functools import reduce reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, range(10))
24. 异常处理:
try: # do something except Exception as e: print(e) finally: # cleanup
25. 文件读取:
with open("file.txt", "r") as file: content = file.read()
26. 文件写入:
with open("file.txt", "w") as file: file.write("Hello, World!")
27. 类定义:
class MyClass: def __init__(self, param1): self.param1 = param1 def my_method(self): return self.param1
28. 类继承:
class MyBaseClass: def __init__(self, param1): self.param1 = param1 class MyDerivedClass(MyBaseClass): def __init__(self, param1, param2): super().__init__(param1) self.param2 = param2
29. 魔法方法:
class MyClass: def __init__(self, param1): self.param1 = param1 def __str__(self): return f"MyClass with param1={self.param1}"
30. 属性和装饰器:
class MyClass: def __init__(self, value): self._value = value @property def value(self): return self._value @value.setter def value(self, new_value): self._value = new_value
31. 生成器:
def my_generator(): yield 1 yield 2 yield 3 for value in my_generator(): print(value)
32. 列表解析和生成器表达式:
[x**2 for x in range(10)] (x**2 for x in range(10))
33. 集合解析:
{x**2 for x in range(10)}
34. 字典解析:
{x: x**2 for x in range(10)}
35. 上下文管理器:
with open("file.txt", "r") as file: content = file.read()
36. 装饰器:
def my_decorator(func): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): print("Before function call") result = func(*args, **kwargs) print("After function call") return result return wrapper @my_decorator def my_function(): print("Function call") my_function()
37. 类型注解:
def my_function(param1: int, param2: str) -> str: return param2 * param1
38. 枚举:
from enum import Enum class Color(Enum): RED = 1 GREEN = 2 BLUE = 3
39. 迭代器:
class MyIterator: def __init__(self, start, end): self.current = start self.end = end def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): if self.current >= self.end: raise StopIteration else: self.current += 1 return self.current - 1
40. JSON解析:
import json json_str = '{"name": "John", "age": 30}' data = json.loads(json_str)
41. 日期和时间:
from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now()
42. 随机数生成:
import random random_number = random.randint(1, 10)
43. 数学运算:
import math math.sqrt(16)
44. 模块和包:
# my_module.py def my_function(): return "Hello" # main.py import my_module my_module.my_function()
45. 命名空间:
global_var = 5 def my_function(): local_var = 10 global global_var global_var = 20
46. 继承和多态:
class Animal: def speak(self): pass class Dog(Animal): def speak(self): return "Woof" class Cat(Animal): def speak(self): return "Meow"
47. 操作系统交互:
import os os.getcwd() os.listdir(".")
48. 命令行参数:
import sys for arg in sys.argv: print(arg)
49. 正则表达式:
import re pattern = r"\d+" re.findall(pattern, "There are 2 apples and 5 bananas.")