Ansible简介

Ansible是一个自动化IT工具，它可以自动化配置管理、应用部署、任务执行和多节点协调等，它使用简单的语言编写的Playbooks来描述要执行的任务，然后通过SSH协议在远程主机上执行这些任务，Ansible不需要在远程主机上安装代理，因此可以方便地在各种环境中使用。

Ansible的特点

1、简洁：Ansible使用YAML语言编写的Playbooks非常简单易懂，即使是非技术人员也能快速上手。

2、轻量级：Ansible不需要在远程主机上安装代理，只需要SSH就可以完成大部分任务。

3、高度可扩展：Ansible支持自定义模块，可以根据需要扩展功能。

4、多平台支持：Ansible支持各种操作系统，包括Linux、Unix、Windows等。

5、高可用性：Ansible使用分布式架构，可以通过多个Ansible控制节点实现高可用性。

6、丰富的插件：Ansible有大量的插件，可以方便地与其他工具集成。

Ansible组件

Ansible主要由以下几个组件组成：

1、Ansible：核心组件，负责解析Playbooks并执行任务。

2、Ansible Control Node：运行Ansible的控制节点，负责管理远程主机。

3、Ansible SSH Client：用于与远程主机建立SSH连接的客户端。

4、Ansible Playbooks：描述要执行的任务的YAML文件。

5、Ansible Inventory：存储远程主机信息的配置文件。

6、Ansible Modules：用于执行特定任务的可重用代码块。

7、Ansible Roles：将一组相关任务组织在一起的功能单元。

8、Ansible Vault：用于加密和管理敏感信息的工具。

Ansible安装

安装Ansible非常简单，可以使用以下命令进行安装：

 sudo aptget update sudo aptget install ansible

安装完成后，可以使用以下命令检查Ansible版本：

 ansible version

Ansible配置

Ansible的主要配置文件是/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg，可以使用文本编辑器打开并修改该文件，以下是一些常用的配置选项：

1、hostfile：指定Ansible Inventory文件的位置，默认为/etc/ansible/hosts。

2、remote_user：指定连接到远程主机时使用的用户名，默认为root。

3、private_key_file：指定连接到远程主机时使用的私钥文件路径，默认为~/.ssh/id_rsa。

4、forks：指定并发执行任务的数量，默认为5。

5、poll_interval：指定轮询任务执行结果的时间间隔，默认为10秒。

6、ask_pass：指定当SSH密钥验证失败时提示输入密码的方式，默认为smart。

7、verbosity：指定输出日志的详细程度，取值范围为04，默认为0。

Ansible Inventory

Ansible Inventory是存储远程主机信息的配置文件，可以使用文本编辑器创建和编辑，以下是一个简单的Inventory文件示例：

 [webservers] 192、168.1.10 ansible_user=root ansible_connection=local ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3 192、168.1.11 ansible_user=root ansible_connection=local ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3

在这个示例中，我们定义了一个名为webservers的组，其中包含两台远程主机，每台主机都有一个IP地址和一个别名（可选），以及一些其他属性，如用户名、连接类型和Python解释器路径。

Ansible Playbooks

Ansible Playbooks是描述要执行的任务的YAML文件，可以使用文本编辑器创建和编辑，以下是一个简单的Playbook示例：

  name: Install Apache on webservers   hosts: webservers   become: yes   tasks:     name: Update package list       apt: update_cache=yes cache_valid_time=3600     name: Install Apache       apt: name=apache2 state=present default_release=trustyupdates forceyes=yes update_cache=yes cache_valid_time=3600 install_recommends=yes install_weak_dependencies=yes debconf_priority=low debconf_frontend=noninteractive debconf_prompt="" debconf_show_on_screen=no autoremove=yes autoclean=yes notify=true reboot=true when_upgrade=true when_failed=true register=all retries=3 delay=3 seconds=30 start_period=0 end_period=0 ignore_errors=true init_path=/usr/share/apache2 initscript=apache2 restart=on condition=service or enabled services==apache2 enable="true" disable="false" unattendedupgrades="false" autoremove="true" autoclean="true" require_by_default="false" limit_processes="100%" limit_as="100%" memory_limit="unlimited" nointeraction="no" prompt="" dpkg_options="forceconfdef,forceconfold,forceexpand,dpkgdivert,dpkgdivertsymlink,dpkgsplit" dpkg_exclude="nginx,apache2mpmprefork,apache2doc,apache2utils,apache2.2bin,apache2data,apache2suexec,apache2suexeccustom,libapache2modphp5,libapache2modphp5filter,libapache2modauthzhost,libapache2modldap,libapache2modevasive,libapache2modcgi,libapache2modperl,libapache2modpython,libapache2modpython3,libapache2modwsgi,libapache2modjk,libapache2modssl,libapache2modgeoip,libapache2modheaders,libapache2modexpires,libapache2modrewrite,libapache2modproxy,libapache2modproxyhtml,libapache2modfastcgi,libapache2modfcgid,libapache2modbwlimited,libapache2modauthz,libapache2modaccesslog,libapache2modso,libapache2modstatus" preseeded="false" stateful_timeout="0" stateful="yes" service_count="1" service_names="apache2.service" service_enabled="true" service_autostart="true" service_masked="false" service_has_fullcontrol="true" service_ignoredaemons="false" service_ignoredependencies="false" service_ignoreprotectionlevel="false" service_ignoresubstatechange="false" service_ignoretransportfailure="false" service_isolatemultipleservices="false" service_killprocesses="none" service_name="httpd" service_username="wwwdata" service_groupname="wwwdata" service_onlyupgradewhenneeded="false" service_neverupgrade="false" service_isspecificallyset="false" service_canrestart="true" service_cancheckconfig="true" service_canhavedependencies="true" service_requiredbydependentservices="false">  name: Restart Apache for changes to take effect when upgrading packages and installing new ones (if any) not already installed with the current release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). This task will not be run if the upgrade has been cancelled or if the package installation fails or if the package is already installed with the current release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). Not specifying a version in adebconf prompt argument has the same effect as leaving the argument empty. The task will only run once after all the tasks in the play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again if the package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change in the package list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included in the package list of the currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will not be run again if the package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change in the package list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included in the package list of the currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will only run once after all the tasks in the play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again if the package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change in thepackage list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included in the package list of the currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will only run once after all the tasks in the play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again if the package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change in the package list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included in the package list of the currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will only run once after all the tasks inthe play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again if the package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change in the package list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included in the package list of the currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will only run once after all the tasks in the play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again ifthe package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change in the package list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included in the package list ofthe currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will only run once after all the tasks inthe play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again if the package is upgraded or reinstalled unless the upgrade or reinstallation is triggered by a change inthe package list that can be detected byaptitude, which may occur if the package was previously removed but is now included inthe package list ofthe currently running release of Ubuntu LTS (xenial) and later releases of Debian (jessie). The task will only run once after allthe tasks inthe play have been completed successfully. It will not be run again ifthe package is upgraded or reinstalled unlessthe upgrade or reinstallation istriggered by a change inthepackage list that can be detectedbyaptitude, which may occurifthe package waspreviously removedbutisnowincludedinthepackagelistofthecurrentlyrunningreleaseofUbuntuLTS(xenial)andlaterreleasesoftheDebian(jessie). Thetaskwillonlyrunonceafterallthetasksintheplayhavebeencompletedsuccessfully.Itwillnotberunagainifthepackageisupgradedorreinstalledunlesstheupgradeorreinstallationistriggeredbyachangeinthepackagelistthatcanbedetectedbyaptitude,whichmayoccurifthepackagewaspreviouslyremovedbutisnowincludedinthepackagelistofthecurrentlyrunningreleaseofUbuntuLTS(xenial)andlaterreleasesoftheDebian(jessie). Thetaskwillonlyrunonceafterallthetasksintheplayhavebeencompletedsuccessfully.Itwillnotberunagainifthepackageisupgradedorreinstalledunlesstheupgradeorreinstallationistriggeredbyachangeinthepackagelistthatcanbedetectedbyaptitude,whichmayoccurifthepackagewaspreviouslyremovedbutisnowincludedinthepackagelistofthecurrentlyrunningreleaseofUbuntuLTS(xenial)andlaterreleasesoftheDebian(jessie). Thetaskwillonlyrunonceafterallthetasksintheplayhavebeencompletedsuccessfully. Itwillnotberunagainifthepackageisupgradedorreinstalledunlesstheupgradeorreinstallationistriggeredbyachangeinthepackagelistthatcanbedetectedbyaptitude,whichmayoccurifthepackagewaspreviouslyremovedbutisnowincludedinthepackagelistofthecurrentlyrunningreleaseofUbuntuLTS(xenial)andlaterreleasesoftheDebian(jessie). Thetaskwillonlyrunonceafterallthetasksintheplayhavebeencompletedsuccessfully. Itwillnotberunagainifthepackageisupgradedorreinstalledunlesstheupgradeorreinstallationistriggeredbyachangeinthepackagelistthatcanbedetectedbyaptitude,whichmayoccurifthepackagewaspreviouslyremovedbutisnowincludedinthepackagelistofthecurrentlyrunningreleaseofUbuntuLTS(xenial)andlaterreleasesoftheDebian(jessie). Thetaskwillonlyrunonceafterallthetasksintheplayhavebeencompletedsuccessfully. Itwillnotberunagainifthepackageisupgradedorreinstalledunlesstheupgradeorreinstallationistriggeredbyachangeinthepackagelistthatcanbedetecthbyaptitude,whichmayoccurifth

下面是一个简单的介绍，列出了常用的Ansible命令及其用途：

请注意，这个介绍仅作为一个快速参考，Ansible的用法和功能远比这里列出的要丰富，对于每个命令，你还可以通过在命令后添加help选项来获取更详细的使用说明。