下列依次安装:
gcc -v sudo apt install gcc g++ -v sudo apt install g++ clang -v sudo apt install clang clang++ -v sudo apt install clang++ make -v sudo apt install make sudo apt install make-guile sudo snap install cmake --classic sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install qtbase5-dev qtchooser qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools sudo apt-get install qtcreator sudo apt-get install qt5* sudo apt install libqt5charts5-dev 安装完成后会有qt相关程序

参考:
QT5 安装(Ubuntu20.04) 详细