一、前言

这篇文章讲解： 采用华为云最新推出的Flexus云服务器X实例搭建RTSP服务器，完成视频直播需求。

随着实时视频流传输需求的增长，RTSP（实时流协议）服务器成为了许多视频监控、直播和多媒体应用的核心组件。在当今高度互联的世界中，能够快速部署且稳定运行的RTSP服务器对于确保高质量的视频流体验至关重要。本文将指导如何在华为云Flexus X实例上部署一款轻量级的RTSP服务器——（采用simple-rtsp-server）。

通过本教程，将详细介绍如何在华为云Flexus X实例上安装和配置simple-rtsp-server。simple-rtsp-server以其简单易用的特点而闻名，非常适合那些希望快速搭建起基本RTSP服务的开发者。将涵盖从环境准备到软件安装，再到基本配置的所有步骤，帮助顺利搭建一个可靠的RTSP服务器，为视频流应用提供坚实的基础。

华为云Flexus云服务器X实例是由国家科技进步奖获得者、华为公司Fellow及华为云首席架构师顾炯炯牵头研发的一款创新性云服务器。该实例基于华为的擎天QingTian架构、瑶光云脑和盘古大模型等核心技术，是业界首款应用驱动的柔性算力云服务器，适用于高科技、零售、金融、游戏等多个行业的通用工作负载场景，如网络应用、数据库、虚拟桌面、分析索引、微服务及持续集成/持续部署（CI/CD）等。

传统的云服务器通常只提供固定的CPU和内存规格，无法精准匹配用户的实际资源需求，导致资源利用效率低下。相比之下，华为云Flexus X实例提供了更为灵活的算力配置，支持超过100种不同的CPU与内存配比，最高可达到3:1的比例，从而更好地适应各种业务应用的需求。

Flexus X实例不仅在性能方面表现出色，还内置了智能应用调优算法，结合华为技术专家多年积累的经验，在基础模式下，其GeekBench单核及多核跑分可达业界同规格独享型实例的1.6倍。在性能模式下，Flexus X实例的性能超过了同类C系/G系/R系及S系旗舰型云主机的标准。

此外，Flexus X实例还配备了X-Turbo加速技术和大模型底层智能调度技术，为关键业务应用提供加速功能。例如，在Flexus X实例上部署的MySQL、Redis和Nginx等应用，其性能最高可达业界同规格独享型实例的6倍（MySQL性能），长期运行时也能保持2倍的性能优势。

Flexus X实例在定价策略上定位于经济型级别，但其性能表现却超越了旗舰级云主机。通过动态业务画像规格优化等技术，用户在将业务从本地服务器或其他云服务提供商迁移到Flexus X实例时，可以节省高达30%的算力成本，从而实现业务的全面提速和效能提升，享受到云基础设施的显著改进体验。

二、服务器选购

2.1 登录官网

链接：https://www.huaweicloud.com/

在官网首页的轮播图里可以看到，有Flexus云服务器的宣传。这是华为云匠心打造的下一代跃级产品，面向中低负载场景，性能倍增、体验跃级的服务器。

2.2 选购服务器

在产品页面，也可以看到Flexus云服务的选项，点击进去选购服务器。

链接：https://www.huaweicloud.com/product/flexus.html

在选购页面可以看到服务器推广器件，1年36块钱。 每个月的流量是100G，对于一些访问量不高的服务器或者测试用是非常合适的。

当前我要选择的服务器是：Flexus云服务器X实例 ，点击Flexus系列产品，选择X实例。Flexus云服务器X实例符合：柔性算力，六倍性能，旗舰体验，覆盖高科技、零售、金融、游戏等行业大多数通用工作负载场景。

2.3 选择服务器区域

针对时延敏感型业务请选择靠近您业务的区域，以降低网络时延，提高访问速度；针对和存量云产品有内网互通需求的业务，请选择和存量产品相同的区域。

2.4 选择服务器规格

2.5 选择系统镜像

我这选择ubuntu系统，用来搭建服务器。这个根据自己的情况选择，自己适合那一种就选择哪一种。

2.6 选择存储盘

我选择150G大小。

2.7 配置密码

设置好服务器的名字（如果你有多个服务器，为了自己好区别）和系统的登录密码。

2.8 配置云备份

云备份这个不买。有需要自己可以购买。

2.9 确认配置

2.10 立即购买

购买成功。

创建成功之后，邮箱会收到提示的。

2.10 后台控制台

链接：https://console.huaweicloud.com/ecm

在控制台可以看到服务器的详情。

三、服务器登录

3.1 查看服务器的详情

点击服务器的名称，可以进去到详情页面。

3.2 远程登录

填入设置好的密码。

登录成功。

3.9 采用FinalShell登录

自带的在浏览器里运行，每次需要打开浏览器，文件也不方便上传下载。

所以，这里开发阶段，我采用的 FinalShell登录到服务器。

新建SSH连接，输入连接信息。

登录成功。

接下来就可以进行开发了。

四、搭建RTSP流媒体服务器

4.1 simple-rtsp-server库

simple-rtsp-server依赖ffmpeg，版本要求>=4.x。

GitHub仓库地址：https://github.com/BreakingY/simple-rtsp-server

4.2 安装基础依赖

在命令行运行。

sudo apt-get -y install autoconf automake build-essential libass-dev libfreetype6-dev libsdl2-dev libtheora-dev libtool libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev pkg-config texinfo zlib1g-dev 

安装过程中:

安装完成。

4.3 安装依赖库

在系统命令行分别运行以下命令，安装依赖库。

汇编库： sudo apt-get install yasm sudo apt-get install nasm   视频库： sudo apt-get install libx264-dev sudo apt-get install libx265-dev   音频库： sudo apt-get install libfdk-aac-dev sudo apt-get install libmp3lame-dev sudo apt-get install libopus-dev 

4.4 安装ffmpeg

下载ffmpeg的库源码。

wget https://ffmpeg.org//releases/ffmpeg-4.0.5.tar.bz2   tar xjvf ffmpeg-4.0.5.tar.bz2   cd ffmpeg-4.0.5 

编译ffmpeg库源码。

./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-libx264 --disable-x86asm --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk-aac  --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus  --extra-cflags=-I/usr/local/include --extra-ldflags=-L/usr/local/lib   make   make install 

4.5 simple-rtsp-server下载编译

git clone https://github.com/BreakingY/simple-rtsp-server.git   cd simple-rtsp-server   mkdir build   cd build   cmake ..   make -j4 

4.6 运行服务器

cp -r ../mp4path . ./rtsp_server loop 0 

运行效果：

4.7 开放规则

要记得把服务器的 端口开放出来， 不然无法访问。

4.8 播放测试（RTSP协议播放云端视频文件）

自带了4个测试文件。 可以直接播放。

这是自带的4个测试文件的路径：

root@flexusx-1a58:~/work/simple-rtsp-server# ls mp4path/ test_1280x720_h264_aac.mp4  test_h264_aac.mp4  test_h264_pcma.mkv  test_h265_aac.mp4 

下面是播放格式：

rtsp://116.205.107.156:8554/test_1280x720_h264_aac.mp4 

其中：

rtsp://<自己的公网IP>:8554/ 

下面是potplayer播放器播放的效果:

播放过程中，在服务器上会打印出每个过程的详情。

4.9 rtsp_server.c代码

#include "common.h" #include "session.h" #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #define BUF_MAX_SIZE (1024 * 1024) char *mp4Dir = "mp4path/\0"; // MP4文件存放位置 int auth = 1; #define USER "admin" #define PASSWORD "123456" /*doClientThd线程参数*/ struct thd_arg_st {     int client_sock_fd;     char client_ip[30];     int client_port; };  int create_rtp_sockets(int *fd1, int *fd2, int *port1, int *port2) {     struct sockaddr_in addr;     int port = 0;      *fd1 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);     if (*fd1 < 0)     {         perror("socket");         return -1;     }      *fd2 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);     if (*fd2 < 0)     {         perror("socket");         close(*fd1);         return -1;     }      memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));     addr.sin_family = AF_INET;     addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);      for (port = 1024; port <= 65535; port += 2)     {         addr.sin_port = htons(port);         if (bind(*fd1, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == 0)         {             addr.sin_port = htons(port + 1);             if (bind(*fd2, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == 0)             {                 *port1 = port;                 *port2 = port + 1;                 return 0;             }             close(*fd1);         }     }     close(*fd1);     close(*fd2);     return -1; } static void generate_session_id(char *session_id, size_t size) {     if (size < 9) {         return;     }     time_t timestamp = time(NULL);     srand((unsigned int)timestamp);     int random_part = rand() % 1000000;     snprintf(session_id, size, "%02ld%06d", timestamp % 100, random_part);     return; } /*处理客户端rtsp请求*/ void *doClientThd(void *arg) {     signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);     signal(SIGQUIT, sig_handler);     signal(SIGKILL, sig_handler);     struct thd_arg_st *arg_thd = (struct thd_arg_st *)arg;      int client_sock_fd = arg_thd->client_sock_fd;     char *client_ip = arg_thd->client_ip;     int client_port = arg_thd->client_port;     char method[40];     char url[100];     char url_tmp[100];     char filename[100];     char url_setup[100];     char track[1024];     char url_play[1024];     char local_ip[40];     char version[40];     int cseq;     char *buf_ptr;     char *buf_tmp;     char *recv_buf = malloc(BUF_MAX_SIZE);     char *send_buf = malloc(BUF_MAX_SIZE);     char line[400];     // rtp_over_tcp     int sig_0 = -1;     int sig_1 = -1;     int sig_2 = -1;     int sig_3 = -1;     int ture_of_rtp_tcp = 0;     // rtp_over_udp     int client_rtp_port = -1;     int client_rtcp_port = -1;     int client_rtp_port_1 = -1;     int client_rtcp_port_1 = -1;     int server_rtp_port = -1;     int server_rtcp_port = -1;     int server_rtp_port_1 = -1;     int server_rtcp_port_1 = -1;     int server_udp_socket_rtp_fd = -1;     int server_udp_socket_rtcp_fd = -1;     int server_udp_socket_rtp_1_fd = -1;     int server_udp_socket_rtcp_1_fd = -1;      char ch = '/';     int findflag = 0;      char path[100];     memcpy(path, mp4Dir, strlen(mp4Dir));     path[strlen(mp4Dir)] = '\0';      char path_tmp[100];     memcpy(path_tmp, mp4Dir, strlen(mp4Dir));     path_tmp[strlen(mp4Dir)] = '\0';      int fd;     char *realm = "simple-rtsp-server";     char nonce[33] = {0};     generate_nonce(nonce, sizeof(nonce));     char session_id[512];     generate_session_id(session_id, sizeof(session_id));     while (1)     {         int recv_len;          recv_len = recv(client_sock_fd, recv_buf, BUF_MAX_SIZE, 0);         if (recv_len <= 0)             goto out;          recv_buf[recv_len] = '\0';          printf("---------------C->S--------------\n");         printf("%s", recv_buf);          buf_ptr = getLineFromBuf(recv_buf, line);         buf_tmp = buf_ptr;          if (sscanf(line, "%s %s %s\r\n", method, url, version) != 3)         {             printf("parse err\n");             goto out;         }          /*解析序列号*/         while (1)         {             buf_ptr = getLineFromBuf(buf_ptr, line);             if (!strncmp(line, "CSeq:", strlen("CSeq:")))             {                 if (sscanf(line, "CSeq: %d\r\n", &cseq) != 1)                 {                     printf("parse err\n");                     goto out;                 }                 break;             }         }         if(auth == 1){             // authorization             if(!strcmp(method, "SETUP") || !strcmp(method, "DESCRIBE") || !strcmp(method, "PLAY")){                 AuthorizationInfo *auth_info = find_authorization(recv_buf);                 if(auth_info == NULL){                     handleCmd_Unauthorized(send_buf, cseq, realm, nonce);                     printf("---------------S->C--------------\n");                     printf("%s", send_buf);                     send(client_sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);                     continue;                 }                 else{                     // printf("nonce:%s\n", auth_info->nonce);                     // printf("realm:%s\n", auth_info->realm);                     // printf("response:%s\n", auth_info->response);                     // printf("uri:%s\n", auth_info->uri);                     // printf("username:%s\n", auth_info->username);                     // 鉴权校验                     int ret = authorization_verify(USER, PASSWORD, realm, nonce, auth_info->uri, method, auth_info->response);                     free_authorization_info(auth_info);                     if(ret < 0){ // 鉴权失败                         goto out;                     }                 }             }         }          /* 如果是SETUP,需要解析是RTP_OVER_TCP还是RTP_OVER_UDP模式 */         if (!strcmp(method, "SETUP"))         {             memset(url_setup, 0, sizeof(url_setup));             memset(track, 0, sizeof(track));             strcpy(url_setup, url);             char *p = strrchr(url_setup, ch);             memcpy(track, p + 1, strlen(p)); // video-track0 audio -track1             while (1)             {                 buf_tmp = getLineFromBuf(buf_tmp, line);                  if (!buf_tmp)                 {                     break;                 }                  if (!strncmp(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP", strlen("Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP")))                 {                      if (memcmp(track, "track0", 6) == 0)                     {                         sscanf(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP;unicast;interleaved=%d-%d\r\n", &sig_0, &sig_1);                     }                     else                     {                         sscanf(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP;unicast;interleaved=%d-%d\r\n", &sig_2, &sig_3);                     }                      ture_of_rtp_tcp = 1;                     break;                 }                 if (!strncmp(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP/UDP", strlen("Transport: RTP/AVP/UDP")))                 {                     if (memcmp(track, "track0", 6) == 0)                     {                         sscanf(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP/UDP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d\r\n", &client_rtp_port, &client_rtcp_port);                     }                     else                     {                         sscanf(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP/UDP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d\r\n", &client_rtp_port_1, &client_rtcp_port_1);                     }                     break;                 }                 if (!strncmp(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP", strlen("Transport: RTP/AVP")))                 {                      if (memcmp(track, "track0", 6) == 0)                     {                         sscanf(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d\r\n", &client_rtp_port, &client_rtcp_port);                     }                     else                     {                         sscanf(line, "Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d\r\n", &client_rtp_port_1, &client_rtcp_port_1);                     }                     break;                 }             }         }         if (!strcmp(method, "OPTIONS"))         {             char *p = strrchr(url, ch);             memcpy(filename, p + 1, strlen(p));              char *tmp = strcat(path_tmp, filename);             findflag = 1;             fd = open(tmp, O_RDONLY);             if (fd < 0) // 请求的资源不存在返回404并关闭客户端文件描述符             {                 perror("failed");                 handleCmd_404(send_buf, cseq);                 send(client_sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);                 goto out;             }             else             {                 close(fd);                 if (handleCmd_OPTIONS(send_buf, cseq))                 {                     printf("failed to handle options\n");                     goto out;                 }             }         }         else if (!strcmp(method, "DESCRIBE"))         {             if (findflag == 0)             {                 char *p = strrchr(url, ch);                 memcpy(filename, p + 1, strlen(p));                  char *tmp = strcat(path_tmp, filename);                 fd = open(tmp, O_RDONLY);                 if (fd < 0) // 请求的资源不存在返回404并关闭客户端文件描述符                 {                     perror("failed");                     handleCmd_404(send_buf, cseq);                     send(client_sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);                     goto out;                 }                 close(fd);                 findflag = 1;             }             char sdp[1024];             char localIp[100];             sscanf(url, "rtsp://%[^:]:", localIp);             int ret = generateSDP(path_tmp, localIp, sdp, sizeof(sdp));             if (ret < 0)             { // mp4文件有问题，或者视频不是H264/H265,音频不是AAC/PCMA                 handleCmd_500(send_buf, cseq);                 send(client_sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);                 goto out;             }             if (handleCmd_DESCRIBE(send_buf, cseq, url, sdp))             {                 printf("failed to handle describe\n");                 goto out;             }         }         else if (!strcmp(method, "SETUP") && ture_of_rtp_tcp == 0) // RTP_OVER_UDP         {             sscanf(url, "rtsp://%[^:]:", local_ip);             if (memcmp(track, "track0", 6) == 0)             {                 create_rtp_sockets(&server_udp_socket_rtp_fd, &server_udp_socket_rtcp_fd, &server_rtp_port, &server_rtp_port);                 handleCmd_SETUP_UDP(send_buf, cseq, client_rtp_port, server_rtp_port, session_id);             }             else             {                 create_rtp_sockets(&server_udp_socket_rtp_1_fd, &server_udp_socket_rtcp_1_fd, &server_rtp_port_1, &server_rtp_port_1);                 handleCmd_SETUP_UDP(send_buf, cseq, client_rtp_port_1, server_rtp_port_1, session_id);             }         }         else if (!strcmp(method, "SETUP") && ture_of_rtp_tcp == 1) // RTP_OVER_TCP         {             sscanf(url, "rtsp://%[^:]:", local_ip);             if (memcmp(track, "track0", 6) == 0)             {                 handleCmd_SETUP_TCP(send_buf, cseq, local_ip, client_ip, sig_0, session_id);             }             else             {                 handleCmd_SETUP_TCP(send_buf, cseq, local_ip, client_ip, sig_2, session_id);             }         }         else if (!strcmp(method, "PLAY"))         {             memset(url_play, 0, sizeof(url_play));             memset(track, 0, sizeof(track));             strcpy(url_play, url);             if (handleCmd_PLAY(send_buf, cseq, url_play, session_id))             {                 printf("failed to handle play\n");                 goto out;             }         }         else         {             goto out;         }          printf("---------------S->C--------------\n");         printf("%s", send_buf);          send(client_sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);          if (!strcmp(method, "PLAY"))         {             struct timeval time_pre, time_now;             gettimeofday(&time_pre, NULL);              char *tmp = strcat(path, filename);             int ret = addClient(tmp, client_sock_fd, sig_0, sig_2, ture_of_rtp_tcp, client_ip, client_rtp_port, client_rtp_port_1,                                 server_udp_socket_rtp_fd, server_udp_socket_rtcp_fd, server_udp_socket_rtp_1_fd, server_udp_socket_rtcp_1_fd);             if (ret < 0)                 goto out;             int sum = getClientNum();              gettimeofday(&time_now, NULL);             int time_handle = 1000 * (time_now.tv_sec - time_pre.tv_sec) + (time_now.tv_usec - time_pre.tv_usec) / 1000;             printf("timeuse:%dms sum_client:%d\n\n", time_handle, sum);             goto over;         }     } out:     close(client_sock_fd);     free(recv_buf);     free(send_buf);     free(arg);     return NULL; over:      free(recv_buf);     free(send_buf);     free(arg);     return NULL; }  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {     if(argc < 3){         printf("./rtsp_server auth(0-not authentication; 1-authentication) loop(0-not loop 1-loop)\n");         return -1;     }     auth = atoi(argv[1]);     reloop_flag = atoi(argv[2]);     int server_sock_fd;     int ret;     signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);     signal(SIGQUIT, sig_handler);     signal(SIGKILL, sig_handler);      signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);     signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN);      server_sock_fd = createTcpSocket();     if (server_sock_fd < 0)     {         printf("failed to create tcp socket\n");         return -1;     }      ret = bindSocketAddr(server_sock_fd, SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT);     if (ret < 0)     {         printf("failed to bind addr\n");         return -1;     }      ret = listen(server_sock_fd, 100);     if (ret < 0)     {         printf("failed to listen\n");         return -1;     }      moduleInit();      printf("rtsp://%s:%d/filename\n", SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT);     while (1)     {         int client_sock_fd;         char client_ip[40];         int client_port;         pthread_t tid;          client_sock_fd = acceptClient(server_sock_fd, client_ip, &client_port);         if (client_sock_fd < 0)         {             printf("failed to accept client\n");             return -1;         }         printf("###########accept client --> client_sock_fd:%d client ip:%s,client port:%d###########\n", client_sock_fd, client_ip, client_port);         struct thd_arg_st *arg;         arg = malloc(sizeof(struct thd_arg_st));         memcpy(arg->client_ip, client_ip, strlen(client_ip));         arg->client_port = client_port;         arg->client_sock_fd = client_sock_fd;          ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, doClientThd, (void *)arg);         if (ret < 0)         {             perror("doClientThd pthread_create()");         }         pthread_detach(tid);     }     moduleDel();     close(server_sock_fd);     return 0; } 

4.10 common.c 代码

#include "common.h" #include "md5.h" #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  #include  int createTcpSocket() {     int sockfd;     int on = 1;      sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);     if (sockfd < 0)         return -1;     setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char *)&on, sizeof(on));     return sockfd; } int createUdpSocket() {     int sockfd;     int on = 1;     sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);     if (sockfd < 0)         return -1;     setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char *)&on, sizeof(on));     return sockfd; }  int bindSocketAddr(int sockfd, const char *ip, int port) {     struct sockaddr_in addr;     addr.sin_family = AF_INET;     addr.sin_port = htons(port);     addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);     if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)         return -1;     return 0; } int acceptClient(int sockfd, char *ip, int *port) {     int clientfd;     socklen_t len = 0;     struct sockaddr_in addr;     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));     len = sizeof(addr);     clientfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &len);     if (clientfd < 0)     {         printf("accept err:%s\n", strerror(errno));         return -1;     }     strcpy(ip, inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr));     *port = ntohs(addr.sin_port);      return clientfd; } void rtpHeaderInit(struct RtpPacket *rtpPacket, uint8_t csrcLen, uint8_t extension,                    uint8_t padding, uint8_t version, uint8_t payloadType, uint8_t marker,                    uint16_t seq, uint32_t timestamp, uint32_t ssrc) {     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.csrcLen = csrcLen;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.extension = extension;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.padding = padding;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.version = version;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.payloadType = payloadType;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.marker = marker;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.seq = seq;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.timestamp = timestamp;     rtpPacket->rtpHeader.ssrc = ssrc;     return; }  char *getLineFromBuf(char *buf, char *line) {     while (*buf != '\n')     {         *line = *buf;         line++;         buf++;     }      *line = '\n';     ++line;     *line = '\0';      ++buf;     return buf; } static char *extract_value(const char *source, const char *key) {     const char *start = strstr(source, key);     if (!start) {         return NULL;     }     start += strlen(key) + 2; // 跳过 key="      const char *end = strchr(start, '"');     if (!end) {         return NULL;     }      size_t len = end - start;     char *value = (char *)malloc(len + 1);     if (!value) {         return NULL;     }      strncpy(value, start, len);     value[len] = '\0';     return value; }  AuthorizationInfo *find_authorization(const char *request) {     const char *auth_start = strstr(request, "Authorization: ");     if (!auth_start) {         return NULL; // Authorization字段未找到     }      auth_start += strlen("Authorization: ");     const char *auth_end = strchr(auth_start, '\r');     if (!auth_end) {         auth_end = strchr(auth_start, '\n');     }     if (!auth_end) {         return NULL; // 无法找到行尾     }      char *auth_value = (char *)malloc(auth_end - auth_start + 1);     if (!auth_value) {         return NULL; // 内存分配失败     }     strncpy(auth_value, auth_start, auth_end - auth_start);     auth_value[auth_end - auth_start] = '\0';      AuthorizationInfo *auth_info = (AuthorizationInfo *)malloc(sizeof(AuthorizationInfo));     if (!auth_info) {         free(auth_value);         return NULL; // 内存分配失败     }      auth_info->username = extract_value(auth_value, "username");     auth_info->realm = extract_value(auth_value, "realm");     auth_info->nonce = extract_value(auth_value, "nonce");     auth_info->uri = extract_value(auth_value, "uri");     auth_info->response = extract_value(auth_value, "response");      free(auth_value);     return auth_info; }  void free_authorization_info(AuthorizationInfo *auth_info) {     if (auth_info) {         free(auth_info->username);         free(auth_info->realm);         free(auth_info->nonce);         free(auth_info->uri);         free(auth_info->response);         free(auth_info);     }     return; } // 生成随机字符串 static void generate_random_string(char *buf, int length) {     static const char charset[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";     for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {         buf[i] = charset[rand() % (sizeof(charset) - 1)];     }     return; }  // 生成nonce void generate_nonce(char *nonce, int length) {     if (length < 1) {         nonce[0] = '\0';         return;     }     memset(nonce, 0, length);     srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));      char random_string[128] = {0};     generate_random_string(random_string, sizeof(random_string));      char timestamp[32];     snprintf(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), "%ld", (long)time(NULL));      char combined[256] = {0};     snprintf(combined, sizeof(combined), "%s%s", random_string, timestamp);      MD5_CTX md5;     unsigned char decrypt[16];     MD5Init(&md5);     MD5Update(&md5, combined, strlen(combined));     MD5Final(&md5, decrypt);     for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {         snprintf(&(nonce[i * 2]), 3, "%02x", decrypt[i]);     }     return; }  int authorization_verify(char *username, char *password, char *realm, char *nonce, char *uri, char * method, char *response){     // md5(username:realm:password)     unsigned char res1[16];     char res1_hex[33] = {0};     char buffer1[256] = {0};     sprintf(buffer1,"%s:%s:%s", username, realm, password);     MD5_CTX md5_1;     MD5Init(&md5_1);     MD5Update(&md5_1, buffer1, strlen(buffer1));     MD5Final(&md5_1, res1);     for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {         snprintf(&(res1_hex[i * 2]), 3, "%02x", res1[i]);     }     // md5(public_method:url)     unsigned char res2[16];     char res2_hex[33] = {0};     char buffer2[256] = {0};     sprintf(buffer2,"%s:%s", method, uri);     MD5_CTX md5_2;     MD5Init(&md5_2);     MD5Update(&md5_2, buffer2, strlen(buffer2));     MD5Final(&md5_2, res2);     for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {         snprintf(&(res2_hex[i * 2]), 3, "%02x", res2[i]);     }     // md5( md5(username:realm:password):nonce:md5(public_method:url) )     unsigned char res[16];     char res_hex[33] = {0};     char buffer[512] = {0};     sprintf(buffer,"%s:%s:%s", res1_hex, nonce, res2_hex);     MD5_CTX md5;     MD5Init(&md5);     MD5Update(&md5, buffer, strlen(buffer));     MD5Final(&md5, res);     for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {         snprintf(&(res_hex[i * 2]), 3, "%02x", res[i]);     }     // printf("res:%s response:%s\n", res_hex, response);     if(strcmp(res_hex, response) == 0){         return 0;     }     return -1; }  int handleCmd_Unauthorized(char *result, int cseq, char *realm, char *nonce){ 	sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 401 Unauthorized\r\n" 			        "CSeq: %d\r\n" 			        "WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm=\"%s\", nonce=\"%s\"\r\n" 			        "\r\n",                 cseq,                 realm,                 nonce);  	return 0; } int handleCmd_OPTIONS(char *result, int cseq) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"                     "CSeq: %d\r\n"                     "Public: OPTIONS, DESCRIBE, SETUP, PLAY\r\n"                     "\r\n",             cseq);      return 0; } int handleCmd_DESCRIBE(char *result, int cseq, char *url, char *sdp) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\nCSeq: %d\r\n"                     "Content-Base: %s\r\n"                     "Content-type: application/sdp\r\n"                     "Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n"                     "%s",             cseq,             url,             strlen(sdp),             sdp);      return 0; } int handleCmd_SETUP_TCP(char *result, int cseq, char *localIp, char *clientIp, int sig_0, char *session) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"                     "CSeq: %d\r\n"                     "Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP;unicast;destination=%s;source=%s;interleaved=%d-%d\r\n"                     "Session: %s\r\n"                     "\r\n",             cseq,             clientIp,             localIp,             sig_0,             sig_0 + 1,             session);      return 0; } int handleCmd_SETUP_UDP(char *result, int cseq, int clientRtpPort, int serverRtpPort, char *session) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"                     "CSeq: %d\r\n"                     "Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d;server_port=%d-%d\r\n"                     "Session: %s\r\n"                     "\r\n",             cseq,             clientRtpPort,             clientRtpPort + 1,             serverRtpPort,             serverRtpPort + 1,             session);      return 0; } int handleCmd_PLAY(char *result, int cseq, char *url_setup, char *session) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"                     "CSeq: %d\r\n"                     "Range: npt=0.000-\r\n"                     "Session: %s; timeout=60\r\n\r\n",             cseq,             session);      return 0; } int handleCmd_404(char *result, int cseq) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"                     "CSeq: %d\r\n"                     "\r\n",             cseq);      return 0; } int handleCmd_500(char *result, int cseq) {     sprintf(result, "RTSP/1.0 500 SERVER ERROR\r\n"                     "CSeq: %d\r\n"                     "\r\n",             cseq);      return 0; } int check_media_info(const char *filename, MediaInfo *info) {     AVFormatContext *format_ctx = NULL;     int ret;      if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&format_ctx, filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0)     {         fprintf(stderr, "Could not open source file %s\n", filename);         return ret;     }     if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(format_ctx, NULL)) < 0)     {         fprintf(stderr, "Could not find stream information\n");         avformat_close_input(&format_ctx);         return ret;     }      info->has_audio = 0;     info->has_video = 0;     info->is_video_h26x = 0;     info->is_audio_aac_pcma = 0;     info->audio_sample_rate = 0;     info->audio_channels = 0;     // info->vps = NULL;     // info->sps = NULL;     // info->pps = NULL;     // info->vps_size = 0;     // info->sps_size = 0;     // info->pps_size = 0;      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < format_ctx->nb_streams; i++)     {         AVStream *stream = format_ctx->streams[i];         AVCodecParameters *codecpar = stream->codecpar;          if (codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)         {             info->has_video = 1;             if (codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264 || codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H265 || codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC)             {                 info->is_video_h26x = 1;                 if (codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)                     info->video_type = H264;                 else                     info->video_type = H265;             }         }         else if (codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)         {             info->has_audio = 1;             if (codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC || codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_ALAW)             {                 info->is_audio_aac_pcma = 1;                 info->audio_sample_rate = codecpar->sample_rate;                 info->audio_channels = codecpar->channels;                 info->profile = codecpar->profile;                 if(codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AAC)                     info->audio_type = AAC;                 else                     info->audio_type = PCMA;             }         }     }     avformat_close_input(&format_ctx);      return 0; } void free_media_info(MediaInfo *info) {     // if (info->vps)     // {     //     free(info->vps);     // }     // if (info->sps)     // {     //     free(info->sps);     // }     // if (info->pps)     // {     //     free(info->pps);     // }     return; } /* #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_MAIN 0 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LOW  1 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_SSR  2 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LTP  3 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE   4 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE_V2 28 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LD   22 #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_ELD  38 #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_AAC_LOW 128 #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_AAC_HE  131 */ static int get_audio_obj_type(int aactype){     //AAC HE V2 = AAC LC + SBR + PS     //AAV HE = AAC LC + SBR     //所以无论是 AAC_HEv2 还是 AAC_HE 都是 AAC_LC     switch(aactype){         case 0:         case 2:         case 3:             return aactype + 1;         case 1:         case 4:         case 28:             return 2;         default:             return 2;      }     return 2; }  static int get_sample_rate_index(int freq, int aactype){      int i = 0;     int freq_arr[13] = {         96000, 88200, 64000, 48000, 44100, 32000,         24000, 22050, 16000, 12000, 11025, 8000, 7350     };      //如果是 AAC HEv2 或 AAC HE, 则频率减半     if(aactype == 28 || aactype == 4){         freq /= 2;     }      for(i = 0; i < 13; i++){         if(freq == freq_arr[i]){             return i;         }     }     return 4;//默认是44100 }  static int get_channel_config(int channels, int aactype){     //如果是 AAC HEv2 通道数减半     if(aactype == 28){         return (channels / 2);     }     return channels; } int generateSDP(char *file, char *localIp, char *buffer, int buffer_len) {     memset(buffer, 0, buffer_len);     MediaInfo info;     if (check_media_info(file, &info) != 0)     {         printf("server error\n");         free_media_info(&info);         return -1;     }     if (info.has_video && !info.is_video_h26x)     {         printf("only support h264 h265\n");         free_media_info(&info);         return -1;     }     if (info.has_audio && !info.is_audio_aac_pcma)     {         printf("only support aac pcma\n");         free_media_info(&info);         return -1;     }     sprintf(buffer, "v=0\r\n"                     "o=- 9%ld 1 IN IP4 %s\r\n"                     "c=IN IP4 %s\r\n"                     "t=0 0\r\n"                     "a=control:*\r\n",             time(NULL), localIp, localIp);     if (info.has_video)     {         sprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), "m=video 0 RTP/AVP %d\r\n"                                          "a=rtpmap:%d %s/90000\r\n"                                          //"a=fmtp:%d profile-level-id=42A01E; packetization-mode=1; sprop-parameter-sets=Z0IACpZTBYmI,aMljiA==\r\n"                                          "a=fmtp:%d packetization-mode=1\r\n"                                          "a=control:track0\r\n",                 RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_H26X, RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_H26X, info.video_type == H264 ? "H264" : "H265", RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_H26X);     }     if (info.has_audio)     {         if (info.audio_type == AAC)         {             char config[10] = {0};             int index = get_sample_rate_index(info.audio_sample_rate, info.profile);             sprintf(config, "%02x%02x", (uint8_t)((get_audio_obj_type(info.profile)) << 3)|(index >> 1), (uint8_t)((index << 7)|(info.audio_channels << 3)));             sprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), "m=audio 0 RTP/AVP %d\r\n"                                              "a=rtpmap:%d MPEG4-GENERIC/%u/%u\r\n"                                              "a=fmtp:%d streamtype=5;profile-level-id=1;mode=AAC-hbr;config=%04u;sizelength=13;indexlength=3;indexdeltalength=3\r\n"                                              "a=control:track1\r\n",                     RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_AAC, RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_AAC, info.audio_sample_rate, info.audio_channels, RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_AAC, atoi(config));         }         else         {             sprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), "m=audio 0 RTP/AVP %d\r\n"                                              "a=rtpmap:%d PCMA/%u/%u\r\n"                                              "a=control:track1\r\n",                     RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_PCMA, RTP_PAYLOAD_TYPE_PCMA, info.audio_sample_rate, info.audio_channels);         }     }     free_media_info(&info);     return 0; } // aactype = ffmpeg --> AVCodecParameters *codecpar->profile void adts_header(char *adts_header_buffer, int data_len, int aactype, int frequency, int channels){      int audio_object_type = get_audio_obj_type(aactype);     int sampling_frequency_index = get_sample_rate_index(frequency, aactype);     int channel_config = get_channel_config(channels, aactype);      int adts_len = data_len + 7;      adts_header_buffer[0] = 0xff;         //syncword:0xfff                          高8bits     adts_header_buffer[1] = 0xf0;         //syncword:0xfff                          低4bits     adts_header_buffer[1] |= (0 << 3);    //MPEG Version:0 for MPEG-4,1 for MPEG-2  1bit     adts_header_buffer[1] |= (0 << 1);    //Layer:0                                 2bits     adts_header_buffer[1] |= 1;           //protection absent:1                     1bit      adts_header_buffer[2] = (audio_object_type - 1)<<6;            //profile:audio_object_type - 1                      2bits     adts_header_buffer[2] |= (sampling_frequency_index & 0x0f)<<2; //sampling frequency index:sampling_frequency_index  4bits     adts_header_buffer[2] |= (0 << 1);                             //private bit:0                                      1bit     adts_header_buffer[2] |= (channel_config & 0x04)>>2;           //channel configuration:channel_config               高1bit      adts_header_buffer[3] = (channel_config & 0x03)<<6;     //channel configuration:channel_config      低2bits     adts_header_buffer[3] |= (0 << 5);                      //original：0                               1bit     adts_header_buffer[3] |= (0 << 4);                      //home：0                                   1bit     adts_header_buffer[3] |= (0 << 3);                      //copyright id bit：0                       1bit     adts_header_buffer[3] |= (0 << 2);                      //copyright id start：0                     1bit     adts_header_buffer[3] |= ((adts_len & 0x1800) >> 11);           //frame length：value   高2bits      adts_header_buffer[4] = (uint8_t)((adts_len & 0x7f8) >> 3);     //frame length:value    中间8bits     adts_header_buffer[5] = (uint8_t)((adts_len & 0x7) << 5);       //frame length:value    低3bits     adts_header_buffer[5] |= 0x1f;                                 //buffer fullness:0x7ff 高5bits     adts_header_buffer[6] = 0xfc;     return; } 

五、总结

华为云正在举行其年度828 B2B企业节活动，期间提供了包括Flexus X实例在内的多种产品的优惠。对于那些对计算性能有较高要求，并且需要自行部署MySQL、Redis、Nginx等服务的用户来说，这次促销是一个很好的机会，建议有兴趣的朋友可以前往查看相关的优惠信息。

官网直达：https://activity.huaweicloud.com/828_promotion/index.html